Queen Catherine Parr Woman Activist early 16th century

 

Queen Catherine Parr Woman Rights Activist

In England the very first battle to establish the rights of women was started by Catherine Parr the sixth wife of Henry VIII. Catherine Parr  (1512) (1548-09-08)was the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII and the final Queen consort of the House of Tudor. She married him on July 12, 1543 and outlived him by one year. She was also the most married English queen consort, she had four husbands. Henry VIII was her third husband.

Catherine's initial education was similar to other well-born women. She was fluent in French, Latin and Italian. She began to learn Spanish after becoming queen consort. Catherine was an ambitious woman and always aimed high, she felt that she was ordained to touch crowns and scepters. She developed a passion for learning which would continue throughout her life. She built a warm relationship with Henry's first wife or Queen Catherine of Aragon. Catherine also took the opportunity to renew her own friendship with the Queen's daughter, Lady Mary. By February 1543, Catherine had established herself as part of Mary's household. It was at this household that Catherine caught the attention of the King Henry VIII and accepted Henry’s marriage offer.

Catherine was well informed about Henry VIII’s attitude towards women. Catherine provoked the enmity of palace bureaucrats with her maturity and cunning. The officials despised her and they turned the King against her. They influenced the King to issue a warrant for her arrest and it was drawn up in 1545. However, she was able to use her strength of character, dignity and religious convictions to reconcile the enmity Henry VIII had felt towards her. The warrant was removed. This terrifying experience gave Catherine Parr the foresight to seek the protection of future Queens. Catherine built a close relationship with Henry's three children and was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth and Edward.

Knowing that a relationship was not sufficient protection for the royal women she sought to have a stronger form of security. She was influential in the forming of the Third Succession Act in 1542. The Third Succession Act was drafted to ensure that Mary and Elizabeth were in the line of succession to the English throne. Catherine influenced Henry VIII to approve The Third Succession Act and this he did. The Act was passed by the Parliament of England in July, 1543. The Act ensured that both Mary and Elizabeth were in the line of succession to the throne of England, behind their half-brother Edward. Mary and Elizabeth would no longer hold the title of queen consort but now the title queen regnant.

A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles, but historically, she does not share the king's political and military powers. However, a queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch. The regnant usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch. Congratulations to a woman who followed her dream for the rights of women in a violent misogyny era.

Building the Cash Economy

 

Building the Cash Economy

Chartalism is a theory of money, which argues that money originated with a state’s attempt to direct economic activity. Money is not intended to be a solution to the problems with barter or as a means with which to monetize debt. Fiat currency or money has value in exchange because it empowers the sovereign state to levy taxes on economic activity.  The taxes are payable in the currency they issue. Fiat money is a currency without intrinsic value.

Fiat money has value because a government maintains its value or because parties engaging in exchange agree on its value. Fiat is a binding edict issued by a person in authority. It was introduced as an alternative to commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is created from a good, often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which has uses other than as a medium of exchange. Representative money is similar to fiat money but it represents a claim on a commodity which can be redeemed to a greater or lesser extent in value.

Building Pan America Highway across Darien Gap

 

It cost a camper vehicle over 3500.00 US DOLLARS to cross the Darien Gap between Panama and Colombia. This took more than a week to process. This does not take into account the cost of rooms and food on both sides of the borders.

There were other losses pilferage from the vehicle and the extensive amount of hands that you have to grease (bribe) to get the papers in order to board the vessel, at Colon Panama and then to Cartagena Colombia.

There is no Highway across the Darien Gap. Building this road has been a point of weak discussion for over 100 years. Excuses, hoof and mouth diseases, rebels, smugglers would make the road building along the borders very difficult. With our medical, military and security abilities this cannot be a hindrance to the development of the entire continent of America.

The ferry crossing cannot be destroyed with this transport improvement. There will always be the need to transport special cargo. Thinking outside the box, the ferry service can be extended along the coast of Venezuela and Colombia and can continue to be used by the residents and tourist.

Humans can be provided with more meaning full jobs. By just manning the  Darien Gap crossing professionals and lay people can be employed. A toll can be charged to use the crossing. America will be connected, trade and commerce will be enhanced. Americans let’s treat ourselves well and bring the west into the twentieth century.

Edmund Despot 09/11/2020

Liberty for humanity Paris